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Graphing Peak to Peak Voltage
y(x) = 17.63 sin(x)


Figure 1. Image created using Desmos graphing
Top of waveform is called Crest and bottom of waveform is called Through
credit to : Desmos Graphing by Sam Ortega 8/16/2019
Instruction on how to edit using Desmos Graphing: Click the lower right icon "edit graph on desmos"
What is the magnitude of the peak to peak voltage ?
Answer Peak to Peak = 2 x Peak
17.63 x 2 = 35.26kV or 35.3 kV
Remember voltages given in apparatus specification are always assume RMS value. For example 120 Vac ( it is assume to be rms value, always think of horizontal dash straight line not sine wave, RMS is also the voltmeter reading).
The table below is an example of how to calculate the RMS value of a sine waveform given a 1/2 cycle data points (10 points) see above image Figure 1.
The RMS method can calculate any distorted waveform during harmonic injection or fault event where the waveform is not perfectly sine wave.

| Sum of all voltage square = 1554.293 | To get the mean square divide sum of all voltage square by number of data points 1554.293 / 10 = 155.4293 |
Then get the square root of the mean (rms) = √ 155.4293 = 12.467 rms value is always a constant value over half cycle time interval , represented by the horizontal dash line |
For one cycle, simply double the 1/2 cycle you will get 2 x 1554.293 = 3108.586 and double the data points = 10 x 2 = 20. Finally 3108.586/20 = 155.4293 and you will get the same rms value of 12.467. You can double or triple the 1/2 cycle as long as the waveform is purely sine wave not distorted. If the waveform is distorted you need to do the actual process of calculating the rms value up to data points that you are analyzing.
Peak to Peak Voltage
peak × = Peak to Peak
Peak Voltage
rms × = Peak Voltage
RMS Voltage = Peak / (√ 2 = 1.414) the factor 1.414 is applied only for a non distorted sine wave. You can't use this 1.414 factor to calculate the Peak voltage during transient event or short circuit fault event because the sine waveform is very distorted.
Also very important to check if the multimeter is capable of measuring TRUE RMS value. It means the multimeter is using actual data points in the waveform and has square root of mean square algorithm.
peak ÷ = RMS
Voltage Line to Ground(LG) = Voltage LL / (√ 3 = 1.732)
÷ = Voltage LG
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